Pfizer/BioNTech Vaccine Generated Spike Proteins Circulate in the Blood on Exosomes

Surprise! This study submitted July 1, 2021...not published until November 15, 2021, raises more questions than answers.

WATCH MY SUMMARY VIDEO

Observations:  Via electron microscope researchers saw exosomes with pieces of spike protein on them circulating in the blood of people vaccinated with BNT162b2(Pfizer/Biontech).  Exosomes are small vesicles or containers that are released from cells.

Subsequently, this “cutting edge” study, tested humanized mice and observed that the spike-laden exosomes go to the spleen where macrophages and dendritic cells clear them out and in that process activate the immune system.  This is a novel mechanism of messenger mRNA vaccines in addition to the mechanism that we already understand.

Until now, the understanding of the mechanism of action for the mRNA vaccine has been this: 

Upon injection into the deltoid, the lipid nanoparticle will enter the cells…muscle cells, fibroblasts, macrophages….whatever cells happen to be there. Once it is inside the cell, the nanoparticle breaks down, and the messenger RNA is released inside the cell, and the cell uses that genetic information to make spike proteins.

The spike proteins, still within the cell, enter another compartment of the cell called an endosome, and they are broken down there.

Then pieces of the broken down material are expressed on the surface of the cell. And that activates the immune system.

We have been told so far that the antigens travel only as far as the local draining lymph nodes. 

This mechanism is explained in more detail in this video: Will Vaccine Generated spike proteins bind to our cells?

NEW INFORMATION!

In the “cutting edge” study, the researchers found that not only are the pieces showing on the surface of the cell, but tiny particles (exosomes) like nanoparticles, are leaving the cell also with spike protein pieces attached to them, and  circulating in the blood.  As observed in mice, the exosomes are picked up by the macrophages in the  spleen to be cleaned up.  Thank you to the mice. Needless to say it isn’t ethical to harvest the spleens of humans. The humanized mice make it possible to extrapolate that this mechanism can be expected in people too. This is counter to the established understanding of how the vaccine was designed to work. 

QUESTIONS ARISE

1. Will this spike on the exosome interact with the ACE2 on the endothelial cells and create an imbalance in the function of ACE1 and ACE2 (like SARS-COV-2 does) disrupting the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory balance. If so, then, the question will be, will this disruption be significant?  

2. Will these exosomes with spikes/or S1 on them be secreted in the sweat of a person? Will these spikes be viable if ingested by a person who touched this person. Will these spikes act as a vaccine or be harmful?

3. Will these exosomes be present in other body fluids including semen?

4. Researchers only checked the exosomes for 4 months.  Will spike studded exosomes be produced beyond this time?

5. Will the SARS-COV-2 be doing exactly the same thing? 

None of these questions have answers yet…READ ON…

When the macrophages pick up the spike protein studded exosome, they shred it up and present those pieces of spike to the acquired arm of the immune system, for example T-Helper cells, and in turn, the T-Helper cells activate the B-cells to make antibodies, and /or the cytotoxic T-cells to trigger a cellular response.

The immune cells in the deltoid are still performing the same immune-generating function while the exosomes are on the move.

Of course the question arises that if the exosomes can go to the spleen, could they also go to other organs and tissues? The authors did not address this, but in my opinion that is possible.  Further study is needed.

Another interesting observation was that after 14 days of the first dose of the Pfizer/Biontech vaccine,  exosomes were observed in the blood with the spike proteins on them, but no antibodies were seen. However, 14 days after the second dose, antibodies appeared together with more exosomes.

It has already been established that vaccine generated antibodies wane after 4 months. What was unexpected is that the exosomes stay on in the blood for four months, and wane after four months as well.  This was a surprise to me because I didn’t think the exosomes with spike would continue to be generated for that long. The quantity was lower, but still visible, compared to the quantity after the first or second dose.  The study only covered four months, and it is still unknown how long those exosomes continue to be generated.  Again, further study is needed.

ANOTHER SURPRISE?

Wait for it….The researchers took those spiked exosomes, and put them in (humanized) mice, and the mice developed immunity to Sars-cov2. It was almost like giving a vaccine to the mouse!

They also found that another protein of this virus, the nucleocapsid protein, doesn’t behave in this way to the same degree as the spike protein.

So…what are the implications of this finding? Should we be concerned?

Billions of doses of mRNA have been given, so if there was a concern it, would be showing up by now.

It is reasonable to expect that if exosomes carrying spikes are made by the vaccine, then they will be made by the virus as well.

If this is a repeatable, reliably reproducible paper, and if messenger RNA vaccines always make these exosomes with spike proteins, then assessment  against the clinical outcomes in people vaccinated with non-mRNA vaccines would show us what the impact is, if any.

Here is my more detailed video on the subject of spike showing up on exosomes in the blood.

What about the blood supply?

If spike-laden exosomes can immunize mice, might they also immunize people who get transfused from the blood supply?   The safety of the blood supply, post covid or vaccination has been a question for some folks as described in this article.  To quote the article:

“With nearly 60% of the eligible U.S. population fully vaccinated, most of the nation’s blood supply is now coming from donors who have been inoculated, experts said. That’s led some patients who are skeptical of the shots to demand transfusions only from the unvaccinated, an option blood centres insist is neither medically sound nor operationally feasible.”¹

Current guidelines for transfusion of blood from vaccinated people from the UK (updated May 2021) and the US  (updated January 2022) do not seem to be influenced by the results of the “cutting edge” paper (published Nov 15, 2021).  It is interesting to note, however, that the UK recommends a waiting period post vaccination, while the US does not.

Further study is needed on the effects of the blood supply on the immune systems of transfusion recipients.

Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB)

Could spike-laden exosomes be a reason for inflammation in the brain?  Authors of the “cutting edge” study didn’t discuss it…so let’s check out this study : 

“Transport of Extra Cellular Vesicles Across the Blood Brain-Barrier…”

(“Extra Cellular Vesicle” is another term for “exosome”.)

The blood vessels to the brain guard it from foreign materials entering the brain willy nilly.  Their endothelial cells are very closely knit so they have fewer spaces to allow toxins to leak out and cause damage to the brain.  There is another wrapping of cells around these vessels called pericytes, that further protect from leakage, plus a third layer made up of astrocytes.  These three layers are also wise in deciding what is allowed to pass through to create a healthy environment for the brain. Exosomes are so tiny, they can cross all of these layers.  The authors conclude:

“...all exosomes tested here, readily crossed the BBB, but at varying rates, and by a variety of vesicular-mediated mechanisms involving specific transporters, absorptive transcytosis, and a brain-to-blood efflux system.”²

There is no specific study to show that our spike-studded exosomes can cross the BBB, but generally speaking, exosomes can do that. This is worth further study.

Could this explain some of the side effects of both Covid infection and vaccines that involve the nervous system?

The brain has it’s own immune system, separate from the rest of the body, and the brain’s macrophages are called microglia.  They will pick up the exosomes and destroy them, causing inflammation.  Inflammation will cause damage to the neurons and other tissues. But that was not discussed by the authors in the “cutting edge” study.  Again…further study is needed.

Could wandering spike studded exosomes explain other inflammatory reactions to mRNA vaccines?

A related study published in December of 2021, discusses how the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein causes inflammation and states in its conclusion:

“Since S protein is being targeted by most of the vaccine candidates, it is important to consider its inflammatory function in vaccine design…Thus, the importance of developing therapeutic drugs for COVID-19 remains high. (Emphasis mine) This study suggests that TLR2 or its downstream signaling adapters could be therapeutically targeted to mitigate hyperinflammatory response in COVID-19 patients.”³

Another study discusses the relationship of S-protein to endothelial inflammation and concludes in part: 

“These findings provide insights into the mechanisms making COVID-19 a vascular disease and encourage the development of therapeutic approaches that directly focus on α5β1-mediated vascular changes.

Because the spike protein is the main immunogen in COVID-19 vaccines, the notion that immunization with spike could cause EC dysfunction should be discussed.”⁴

That there is immune activation through exosomes acquiring the spike antigens is a new discovery about the mRNA vaccines,  but not an entirely unpredictable one, given what has long been known about the behaviour of exosomes, and how they are being used as carriers in the development of novel treatments.  It is as if the first step in the mechanism, the lipid nanoparticle carrying the messenger RNA to the cell, was designed with exosomes in mind.

“Cutting Edge: Circulating Exosomes with COVID Spike Protein Are Induced by BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) Vaccination prior to Development of Antibodies: A Novel Mechanism for Immune Activation by mRNA Vaccines” has raised more questions than it has answered.  

In addition to answering the QUESTIONS ARISING, further study is needed in these areas:

1. If the exosomes can go to the spleen, could they also go to other organs and tissues?

2. What are the effects of the blood supply on the immune systems of transfusion recipients?

3. Can spike-laden exosomes cross the BBB and cause inflammation in the brain?

We will be watching for those studies…STAY TUNED!

1. https://www.webmd.com/vaccines/covid-19-vaccine/news/20210817/covid-skeptics-request-blood-transfusions-from-unvaccinated-donors

2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7352415/#:~:text=In%20summary%2C%20all%20exosomes%20tested,%2Dto%2Dblood%20efflux%20system

3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7352415/#:~:text=In%20summary%2C%20all%20exosomes%20tested,%2Dto%2Dblood%20efflux%20system

4. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021925822001351